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EL TRIAC


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By witsuk - Posted on 21 February 2009

Existen una variedad de aplicaciones para este dispositivo, por ejemplo en las lámparas automáticas, en donde se trabaja con corriente alterna y la carga es una lámpara de 120V. Para entender mejor su funcionamiento presentamos el siguiente artículo.

“El triac es un dispositivo semiconductor de tres terminales que se usa para controlar el flujo de corriente promedio a una carga, con la particularidad de que conduce en ambos sentidos y puede ser bloqueado por inversión de la tensión o al disminuir la corriente por debajo del valor de mantenimiento. El triac puede ser disparado independientemente de la polarización de puerta, es decir, mediante una corriente de puerta positiva o negativa.

 

DESCRIPCION GENERAL

Cuando el triac conduce, hay una trayectoria de flujo de corriente de muy baja resistencia de una terminal a la otra, dependiendo la dirección de flujo de la polaridad del voltaje externo aplicado. Cuando el voltaje es mas positivo en MT2, la corriente fluye de MT2 a MT1 en caso contrario fluye de MT1 a MT2. En ambos casos el triac se comporta como un interruptor cerrado. Cuando el triac deja de conducir no puede fluir corriente entre las terminales principales sin importar la polaridad del voltaje externo aplicado por tanto actúa como un interruptor abierto.

CONSTRUCCION BASICA, SIMBOLO, DIAGRAMA EQUIVALENTE

 

 

La estructura contiene seis capas como se indica en la FIG. 1, aunque funciona siempre como un tiristor de cuatro capas. En sentido MT2-MT1 conduce a través de P1N1P2N2 y en sentido MT1-MT2 a través de P2N1P1N4. La capa N3 facilita el disparo con intensidad de puerta negativa. La complicación de su estructura lo hace mas delicado que un tiristor en cuanto a di/dt y dv/dt y capacidad para soportar sobre intensidades. Se fabrican para intensidades de algunos amperios hasta unos 200 A eficaces y desde 400 a 1000 V de tensión de pico repetitivo. Los triac son fabricados para funcionar a frecuencias bajas, los fabricados para trabajar a frecuencias medias son denominados alternistores En la FIG. 2 se muestra el símbolo esquemático e identificación de las terminales de un triac, la nomenclatura Ánodo 2 (A2) y Ánodo 1 (A1) pueden ser reemplazados por Terminal Principal 2 (MT2) y Terminal Principal 1 (MT1) respectivamente.

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